EGYPT
the sphinx has come to symbolize strength and wisdom.The paws themselves are 50 feet long (15m) while the entire length is 150 feet (45m). The head is 30 (10m) feet long and 14 feet (4m) wide
Egypt borders the west with Libya, and South with the Sudan, and the Gaza Strip, overlooking the Red Sea from the east. Pass through the Suez Canal territory that separates the Asian part of them for the part of Africa.
The focus of most of the population of Egypt in the Nile Valley, particularly in Greater Cairo, which has approximately a quarter of the population, and Alexandria; also live most of the remaining population in the Delta and on both coasts of the Mediterranean and the Red Sea and the cities of the Suez Canal and occupy the premises an area of 40 thousand square kilometers. While a majority of the desert area of the Republic and is not inhabited. Most of the population in Egypt is currently urban, a quarter in Greater Cairo.
Alexandria
(Greek: Ἀλεξάνδρεια), known as the bride of the Mediterranean, is the second largest city in Egypt after Cairo, is Egypt's second capital and the capital, her old, lies along the Mediterranean coast length of about 70 km north-west of the Nile Delta, [3 ] bordered on the north Mediterranean, Lake Mariot south to 71 km along the Cairo Alexandria Desert Road, bordered to the east of Abu Qir Bay and the city of EDCO, the region of Sidi Krir west to 36.30 km on the road to Alexandria - Matrouh highway.
Includes Alexandria fraught with a lot of landmarks, as there is the largest seaport in Egypt is a port of Alexandria, which serves about 80% of the total imports and exports and also includes the new Library of Alexandria, which can accommodate more than 8 million volumes, [4] It also includes many museums and archaeological sites such as Bey Citadel and Pompey Pillar and others, Alexandria has a population of about 4,123,869 inhabitants (census 2006) [5] working with commercial activities, industrial and agricultural. Divided into Alexandria to six administrative districts are neighborhood park, East District, Central District, a neighborhood west, neighborhood customs, Amriya, contain these neighborhoods on the 16 sections of 129 Xiahe, [6] In addition to major cities affiliates such as the city Burj Al Arab and Burj Al-Arab.
Work has begun on the establishment of Alexandria by Alexander the Great 332 BC. M through the bridge part of the water separating the island and extended to the coast, the principal called the "Pharos" the port of old-fashioned, and a small village called "Raktos" or "Racodp" is surrounded by small villages other spread as well as between the sea and Lake Mariot, and taken by Alexander the Great and his successors as the capital of Egypt for nearly a thousand years, until the Islamic conquest of Egypt by Amr Ibn Al-Aas 641, known Alexandria in history through a variety of features such as the ancient Library of Alexandria, which included more than 700,000 volumes, and the Lighthouse of Alexandria, which are considered among the seven wonders of the world, [7], for the tremendous height of up to about 35 meters, and the lighthouse remained in existence until destroyed by a powerful earthquake year 1307.
َQUITBAY CITADEL
This castle is located at the end of the island of Pharos maximum west of Alexandria. Constructed in place of the ancient Lighthouse of Alexandria, which was destroyed 702 years after his devastating earthquake that occurred in the reign of Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad. Began Sultan al-Ashraf Abu Al-Nasr Bey building this castle in the year 882 AH and finished construction of its 884 years old. The reason for his interest in Alexandria, the large number of direct threats to Egypt by the Ottoman Empire, which threatened the entire Arab region.
Description of the Castle
This takes the form of the castle box with an area of 150 m * 130 m surrounded by sea on three sides. It contains the castle walls and the main tower. They are divided by fences to fence internal and external. Valsor procedure includes soldiers barracks and arms depots. The outer wall of the castle gathers in the bodies of the four defensive towers rise to the level of the fence with the exception of the eastern wall loss includes slots defensive soldiers.
And take the main tower in the inner courtyard of a fortress large square shape the length of each side 30 meters and a height 17 meters and consists of the castle of three storeys and there in the corners of the tower of the four towers, semi-circular ends of the top balcony prominent include openings to throw darts at two levels, running the first floor of a mosque Castle, which consists of a nave and four iwans defensive and corridors that allow soldiers to pass easily through the defense of the castle. and had to Take the mosque minaret, but collapsed recently.
The second floor contains the corridors and halls and rooms at home. The third floor houses a large room (seat Sultan Qait Bay) sits down to see the ships on a day's journey from Alexandria is covered by a cross-vault and there are on this floor furnace for the preparation of bread made of wheat land and mill to grind grain for the soldiers living in the castle. The new Sultan Qansuh Ghori Castle and increased the garrison of this castle has been neglected in the Ottoman occupation of Egypt. Bey Citadel established the fortress of Sultan Malik al-Ashraf Abu Al-Nasr Bey Mahmoudi year 882 AH / 1477 place of Mannar of ancient Alexandria on the eastern side of the island of Pharos at the end of the Mamluk state, which is about building a separate length of 60 meters, 50 meters wide, and the thickness of walls 4.5 meters.
This was Al-Manar had been destroyed after an earthquake in AH 702 days of King al-Nasir Muhammad, which is restored by it destroyed them after several years destroyed all its parts the year 777 AH / 1375.
When he visited the city of Sultan Bey Alexandria in 882 AH / 1477 went to the site of the old and the Al-Manar is to build on the basis of the old tower, later known as Castle or Fortress of Qaytbay construction was completed after two years from the date of construction.
Because Qaitbay Castle is one of the most important castles on the coast of the Mediterranean was concerned with the sultans and the rulers of Egypt over the historical periods in the Mamluk era, we find the Sultan Qansuh Ghori interested in this castle great interest and increased the strength of its garrison and shipped arms and equipment, and when the Ottoman Turks captured Egypt used this castle a place for protectors and were interested in preserving it and made by groups of soldiers infantry, cavalry and artillery, and the different garrisons to defend them and then defending the gate of Egypt's northern coast and the weakened Ottoman Empire started in the castle lost its strategic importance and defensive as a result of weak garrison, it is then able to French expedition to Egypt led by Napoleon Bonaparte seized and the city of Alexandria in 1798 which led to the seizure, which took over the rest of Egypt, and when he took the Muhammad Ali Pasha of Egypt, and worked to fortify Egypt, particularly the northern coast So, the renewal of the walls of the castle and add some business out to fit the development of defense of the nineteenth century AD was the strengthening of walls and renovation of buildings and providing coastal guns in addition to the construction of several Ataiwabi and forts that were deployed along the northern coast of Egypt. Since the revolution of Ahmed Orabi year 1882, which was the results hit the city of Alexandria on July 11, 1882, and then the British occupation of Egypt were vandalized Bey Citadel and the creation of cracks, and he remained on the fortress on this case until the Commission for the Conservation of Arab Monuments, 1904 the work of many of the reforms and to implement a project for the renovation work, based on studies carried out by scientists of the French campaign and published in a book describing Egypt as well as by travelers Cassius in his book years old in 1799.
Library Alixanderia
The name of the Royal Library of Alexandria or library marrow or simply the Library of Alexandria or the largest libraries of its time, and believed that the establishment was on the orders of Ptolemy II, in the early third century BC, and the number of books that have existed had reached the 700,000 volume was the largest library in the world in its time.
The prominence of the ancient Library of Alexandria (Bbltica de me Aexandrina) to be the oldest government library in general in the ancient world and not because they are the first libraries of the world's libraries have pharaonic temples were known to the ancient Egyptians, but were especially priests only Ptolemies themselves, who founded, they know libraries as good as the returns greatness it also Whale Books Science and civilizations, Pharaonic, Greco and the event mixing scientific and cultural convergence of intellectual science of the East and Science West, it is a model of globalization ancient cultural produced civilization Hellenistic where coupled with the Pharaonic and Greco due greatness also of the greatness of those who made it and imposed on all the world taught to let the copy of his works and because it was in the stronghold of science and a hotbed of papyrus and writing instruments Egypt, where the collection of what was in the libraries of the Egyptian temples and the Whale of a flag-On and last but not least free scientists from Tabou politics, religion, sex, race and discrimination science which was for the human world visiting them or attending them is not asks not only for his knowledge of his religion and nationality
King Tutankhamun famous pharaonic boy, who died in the teenage years, and stayed in the Valley of the Kings for more than 3300 years.
Nefertiti was the wife of Akhenaten. Nefertiti, which means "the beautiful woman has come" is one of the most famous and beloved of all ancient Egyptians
